José Miguel Viñas
Meteorologist at Meteored at www.tiempo.com and consultant for the WMO (Spain)
Is the study of good quality?
"Yes, it is endorsed by Climate Central, which is an organisation that started in 2008, in which climate researchers and science communicators collaborate, and whose main objective is to disseminate climate change data and studies in an accessible and attractive way. The methodology used in this report is rigorous. It uses a standardised index of attribution of observed temperatures across the Earth over the last twelve months.
The study certifies what we have seen here in Spain and in many other regions of the world. The average temperature of the planet has jumped in 2023, which cannot be attributed to a single cause, but bears the signature of anthropogenic global warming. It is worth noting that the influence of the El Niño event that began in late spring is still small in the observed temperature rise. It will be towards 2024 when it will contribute more heat to the air, which will have a greater impact on the temperature rise".
What are its limitations?
"Methodologically it is correct. It would be a rounded study if, apart from documenting the hundreds of extreme heat spikes that have occurred over continental areas and certifying their attribution to climate change, it also included the extreme ocean surface temperature data and identified which factors and to what extent each of them can explain the concatenation of extraordinary warm anomalies and the frequency of extreme heat events. This is beyond the scope of this study".