Large language models—artificial intelligence systems based on deep learning—could be useful in detecting mental health risks such as depression and suicide risk in narrative tests of patients undergoing psychiatric treatment. This is one of the conclusions of research published in JAMA Network Open, which also shows the potential of embeddings — a natural language processing technique that converts human language into mathematical vectors — to achieve the same end.

Prenatal exposure to triptans—alone or in combination with other migraine medications—does not increase the risk of developmental disorders in children up to age 14, according to research published in Neurology. The study is based on data from more than 26,000 pregnancies in a national registry in Norway and includes autism spectrum disorders, language disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, among other diagnoses.

Gonorrhoea is the second most common sexually transmitted disease in the world, with 80 million cases each year. There is no effective vaccine, and the bacteria responsible are becoming resistant to common antibiotics. Some studies have suggested that the meningococcal B vaccine, a unrelated bacterium, may offer partial protection against gonorrhoea. Now, an Italian team has identified 17 antibodies that could explain this cross-immunity, which, according to the authors, could be used to develop treatments and vaccines. The results are published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

A team from China has analysed the genetic data of more than 450,000 people and identified a variant in a gene that contributed to increased height and basal metabolic rate in modern humans, especially when meat consumption increases. In addition to providing insight into evolutionary processes, the finding ‘also has important implications for understanding susceptibility and resistance to contemporary metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome,’ according to the authors. The results are published in the journal Cell Genomics.

Research analyzing data from more than 200 countries concludes that people over the age of 65 will face an increase in skin cancer cases over the next two decades. The study, published in JAMA Dermatology, used data from 1990 to 2021 and made estimates through 2050. Men and people living in countries with higher sociodemographic indices showed a higher incidence.

A technique developed under the coordination of researchers from the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and the Institute for Biomedical Research (IRB) in Barcelona has made it possible to track methylation patterns or “barcodes” in blood cells and construct their epigenetic family tree. This has enabled them to trace their evolution and changes with age, which could be useful for disease prevention and for the study or even development of specific therapies against ageing. The results are published in the journal Nature.

A study has identified and tested 22 compounds that inhibit the development of Plasmodium falciparum—one of the parasites that cause malaria—in the mosquitoes that transmit it. The most effective molecule killed 100% of the parasites present within six minutes, even in insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, according to the study published in Nature. These compounds could be used to treat bed nets.

By 2030, there will be more than 1 billion adolescents (aged 10 to 24) living in countries facing preventable and treatable health issues. This figure represents half of the world’s adolescent population, according to a new analysis by the Lancet Commission on adolescent health and well-being. Among these health issues, the study highlights HIV/AIDS, early pregnancies, risky sexual behavior, depression, poor nutrition, and injuries.

A US study analysing data from nearly 700,000 people concluded that those with a history of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infections were at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The study, published in BMJ Open, also showed that patients with this virus who used anti-herpes treatments were less likely to develop the disease.

The Member States of the World Health Organisation (WHO), meeting on Monday in Committee A of the World Health Assembly, approved a resolution calling for the adoption of a historic global pact to make the world safer from future pandemics. On Tuesday, the Assembly, in plenary session, adopted by consensus the world's first agreement on pandemics.