A study led by CNIO and CNIC researchers has identified a new mechanism in mice by which brown fat can be activated and consume energy to be released as heat. The process depends on a protein called MCJ which, according to the researchers, is “a promising target for treating obesity”. The results are published in the journal Nature Communications. 

The year 2024 was the warmest year on record globally and the first calendar year in which the global average temperature exceeded its pre-industrial level by 1.5 °C, the Copernicus Climate Change Service has confirmed.  

In a press release, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) warns that a huge industrial complex threatens the skies above the Paranal Observatory in Chile's Atacama Desert. According to ESO, on 24 December, AES Andes, a subsidiary of the US electricity company AES Corporation, submitted for environmental impact assessment a project for a huge industrial complex that would be located between 5 and 11 kilometres from the Paranal telescopes. This astronomical observatory, the darkest in the world, has led to important breakthroughs, such as the first image of an exoplanet or the confirmation of the accelerated expansion of the universe.

US researchers have estimated that replacing conventional building materials in new infrastructure with CO₂ capturing alternatives - such as mixing carbon aggregates into concrete or using bio-based materials in bricks - could store billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide per year. According to the study, published in the journal Science, the move could help meet greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.

An assessment of the extinction risk of freshwater fauna, covering more than 23,000 species, reveals that around 24% of the species studied are at risk of extinction. The analysis, published in Nature, identifies the main threats from pollution, dams, agriculture and invasive species. Decapods - such as freshwater crabs and shrimps - have the highest percentage of threatened species (30 %), followed by freshwater fish (26 %) and odonates - such as dragonflies (16 %).

A team led by the CEU San Pablo University has analysed the role of vaccination against influenza on the risk of infection and mortality. The meta-analysis, published in European Respiratory Review, includes 192 articles from different countries over the last 20 years and includes data from more than 6.5 million patients. The results show that the level of protection varies according to age group and influenza subtype. Although it does not reduce the risk of infection for influenza A H3N2 in those over 65 years of age, nor does it show a reduction in mortality for influenza B - which is less associated with mortality than influenza A - overall, vaccination is shown to be effective in both preventing infection and reducing mortality.

People who grow up with more brothers or sisters may have a more cooperative personality, i.e. with traits such as honesty, humility and agreeableness, according to a study published in PNAS. Using data from 700,000 adults surveyed online, the research concludes that mean honesty-humility and agreeableness scores are slightly higher in people with more siblings. Among those with the same number of siblings, people born middle and last have a slightly higher mean score than firstborns.

According to a meta-analysis of 14 studies involving more than 25,000 people, drinking more than four cups of coffee per day was associated with a lower incidence of head and neck tumors. Drinking between none and one cup of tea was also associated with a slightly decreased risk, although daily consumption of more than one cup of tea was associated with an increased risk of developing laryngeal cancer. The results are published in the journal Cancer. 

A team in the US has for the first time achieved quantum teleportation over 30 kilometres of fibre-optic cable already carrying internet data traffic, says a study published in the journal Optica. This type of teleportation would allow quantum communication to be combined with existing internet cable infrastructure. 

In a group of people at high cardiovascular risk, low to moderate wine consumption was associated with fewer cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke or heart failure), according to a study. The analysis uses urinary concentrations of tartaric acid, a substance found in grapes and grape derivatives, as a biomarker of wine consumption. It finds that consuming between three and 35 glasses per month was associated with fewer cardiovascular events than in people who consumed fewer than three or more than 35 glasses. The study, published in the European Heart Journal, included more than 1,200 participants from Spain's PREDIMED study with an average age of 68 years.