Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (Cantabria)

An international team with Spanish participation has analysed the usefulness of a blood biomarker - the p-tau217 protein - for detecting Alzheimer's disease in 1,767 patients. According to the authors, who publish the results in the journal Nature Medicine, the test has detected the disease with high reliability in four hospital cohorts, as well as in a primary care cohort. They add that it is an assay that can be easily implemented in clinical laboratories and is already routinely used in some centres in Spain.

The DIAN-TU platform is an initiative to test Alzheimer's disease treatments early, by recruiting people with a mutation that leads to developing the disease in the future. One of the trials with the anti-amyloid drug gantenerumab ended without reaching the targets. However, a continuation of the study in 73 patients suggests - for the first time, according to the authors - that long-term, high-dose treatment given some time before symptoms develop could delay the onset of the disease. The results are published in the journal The Lancet Neurology. 

A review of 14 studies and data from more than 130 million patients has found an association between the use of drugs such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics and vaccines and a reduced risk of dementia. The authors recall that “the fact that a particular drug is associated with an altered risk of dementia does not necessarily mean that it causes or helps against it.” However, “pooling these huge health data sets provides a source of evidence that can help us decide which drugs to try first.” The research is published in the journal Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 

A study by Italian researchers has tested a treatment administered as a nasal spray to slow down early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Administered in mice, the treatment inhibits an enzyme linked to the disease and to insulin resistance. According to the researchers, who publish the work in the journal PNAS, application of the spray to the animals “can counteract the accumulation of harmful proteins in neurons and delay the onset and progression of cognitive decline”. 

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has recommended not granting marketing authorization for Leqembi™ (lecanemab) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) considers that its effect in delaying cognitive decline does not outweigh the risk of serious side effects associated with the drug, in particular swelling and possible bleeding in patients' brains. Leqembi™ was approved in 2023 in the United States.

A family of more than 1,000 members with origins in Colombia has a mutation called "paisa" that leads to the development of Alzheimer's disease. In 2019, an added mutation in the apoE gene called "Christchurch" was described as conferring strong protection to an individual carrying two copies of it. Now, a study has found that 27 family members carry a single copy and that it is also associated with some degree of protection. According to the authors, who publish their findings in the journal NEJM, the discovery could be used to develop new treatments for the disease. 

Genetic forms of Alzheimer's are considered to be those in which certain variants of a gene inevitably lead to the disease over time. Until now, only rare alterations in three genes were considered as such. A group of researchers led by the Hospital de Sant Pau in Barcelona has proposed a new, much more frequent form. After analysing data from more than three thousand donated brains and clinical data from more than ten thousand patients, they found that almost all people who carry two copies of the ApoE4 variant in the ApoE gene, which was previously only considered a risk factor, also end up developing the disease.They publish the results in the journal Nature Medicine.  

Toledo and Alicante are suffering the first outbreaks of measles recorded in Spain since the pandemic, El País reported today. In total, 15 cases have been confirmed since 1 January, of which seven are imported and eight autochthonous.

A study has analysed more than 100 environmental factors and their impact on the immune response. After studying about a thousand volunteers, its conclusions are that smoking is the factor that causes the most alterations in defences. While some changes are transient, others may remain for years after quitting. The results are published in the journal Nature.

Currently, when an organ transplant is performed, the patient has to take immunosuppressive drugs to prevent his or her system from rejecting the new organ. These drugs must be taken for life and have numerous side effects. In a phase 1 clinical trial, researchers gave patients receiving a liver transplant regulatory dendritic cells derived from the original donor, with the hypothesis that these cells could 'teach' the recipient's immune system to tolerate the new organ. The research, published in Science Translational Medicine, suggests that this treatment could reduce or even eliminate the need for long-term use of immunosuppressants.