María José Sanz
Scientific Director of the BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change
This is the third year of this initiative and, above all, it highlights the importance of having better, more consistent and higher quality data series. This allows for improved estimates of selected indicators and a better understanding of the real drivers of the changes we are observing. Recent examples include the impact of anthropogenic aerosols on climate variability and the importance of the non-linearity of ocean warming and its influence on climate. The climate system and its interaction with human systems are highly complex, and we must improve and update our knowledge if we are to find solutions to slow down its negative effects and adapt. These analyses are important because we are encountering dynamics that are approaching dangerous thresholds.
This study also recognises the limitations of the analysis and does so transparently. It highlights that there are discrepancies between data sources that need to be identified and understood, respecting that the objectives for which they are obtained may condition their use and that this does not imply that they are erroneous, but they cannot necessarily be integrated. Recent steps taken by the scientific community in this direction are encouraging.
Finally, the messages are clear: emissions continue to rise and the climate system is destabilising in ways that we are beginning to understand better, but not yet fully. This can only lead us to take urgent action and accept that there are consequences that we can no longer avoid.