Pilar Brufau
Researcher and Lecturer in the Department of Materials and Fluids Science and Technology at the University of Zaragoza
In this report, the World Meteorological Organisation presents the state of water bodies in 2025 throughout their entire life cycle. The data presented, gathered from reliable sources, show that river flow in that year was generally extremely low, which would lead to an extremely dry period. Furthermore, it also reports episodes of extreme rainfall over short periods of time. This pattern prompts us to reflect on the changes we have been witnessing in the water cycle in recent years.
In Spain, the decline in rainfall in some regions should be interpreted as an anomaly compared to the usual pattern, which does not directly affect reservoir capacity. The key is to manage the volume of water stored in these reservoirs effectively to ensure we can cope with extreme events, meet the needs of agriculture and carry out annual hydrological planning. Furthermore, it indicates that slower-replenishing water reserves – comprising groundwater, and water lost from glaciers and snow – have historically acted as a buffer during drier periods; however, we will be able to rely on them less and less, as they too have shown a downward trend in recent years.