ethics

Según una encuesta llevada a cabo en España, respondida por 403 investigadores en biomedicina, cuatro de cada diez admiten haber cometido algún tipo de mala práctica en su trabajo. La prensa se hace eco regularmente de escándalos en ciencia. Entre los casos más recientes, El País informó de que el CSIC ha abierto un expediente disciplinario a cinco personas por sospechas de recibir dinero a cambio de afiliaciones falsas. Estas malas conductas pueden parecer aisladas, pero reflejan disfunciones más amplias del sistema de investigación. Ofrecemos claves para entender cómo nacen y evolucionan estos casos, y para cubrir sus matices. 

In a recent study of the experiences of biomedical researchers in Spain, 43% of respondents admitted to having intentionally committed some form of scientific misconduct. The most frequent kind of misconduct was false authorship of scientific articles: 35% of the 403 respondents said they had been involved in some instance of it, says the study published in the journal Accountability in Research. Ten per cent of respondents reported a lack of informed consent, and 3.6 per cent admitted to having been involved at least once in falsification or manipulation of data.

A study says that ChatGPT makes contradictory moral judgements, and that users are influenced by them. Researchers asked questions such as: Would it be right to sacrifice one person to save five others?” Depending on the phrasing of the question, ChatGPT sometimes answered in favour of sacrifice, and sometimes against. Participants were swayed by ChatGPT's statements and underestimated the chatbot's influence on their own judgement. The authors argue that chatbots should be designed to decline giving moral advice, and stress the importance of improving users' digital literacy. 

Artificial intelligence algorithms using ChatGPT - the OpenAI company's GPT-3 language model - can identify speech features to predict the early stages of Alzheimer's disease with 80 per cent accuracy. The neurodegenerative disease causes a loss of the ability to express oneself that the algorithms could recognise, according to the journal PLOS Digital Health.