covid-19

A study by the University of Cádiz has identified six factors that drive polarization around health-related issues, for example during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic: political ideology, misinformation, social media dynamics, trust in institutions and professionals, risk perception, and socioeconomic factors. This review, published in Science Advances, brings together the conclusions of 90 previous studies and analyzes how these determinants exacerbate health inequalities and influence compliance with public health measures.

The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine has been linked to rare cases of heart inflammation in children and young people. The largest study of these risks in children, published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, concluded that receiving the vaccine is associated with a risk of developing myocarditis or pericarditis within six months of 0.85 additional cases per 100,000 vaccinated children; while after COVID-19 infection, the risk is 2.24 additional cases per 100,000. The study used data from 98% of the British population under the age of 18 (almost 14 million) between January 2020 and December 2022.

A US team has analysed the presence of beta-amyloid deposits – which are linked to Alzheimer's disease – in the post-mortem retinas of four people with covid-19 and found that they were larger than in four people without covid. In complementary experiments, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in retinal organoids produced an increase in deposits, while the use of a drug that blocks the virus from binding to neurons reduced their accumulation. The results are published in the journal Science Advances.

The Member States of the World Health Organisation (WHO), meeting on Monday in Committee A of the World Health Assembly, approved a resolution calling for the adoption of a historic global pact to make the world safer from future pandemics. On Tuesday, the Assembly, in plenary session, adopted by consensus the world's first agreement on pandemics.

An Australian team has conducted a study involving mice and humans that suggests that vaccine boosters would be more effective if administered in the same arm as the previous dose, at least in the short term. However, other recent research has pointed in the opposite direction. The results are published in the journal Cell.

23% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 between 2021 and 2023 developed long covid and more than half of them had persistent symptoms for two years. These are the main conclusions of a study led by ISGlobal that followed more than 2,700 people in Catalonia. The results are published in the journal BMC Medicine.

Brain maturation is measured by the thickness of the cortex. It is known that stress accelerates cortical thinning, which is associated with a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. A study published in PNAS analyzes MRI data collected from 160 adolescents before COVID-19 and from 130 of them after the measures implemented during the pandemic. The comparison of brain structure before and after reveals accelerated cortical thinning which, measured in terms of equivalent years of brain development, was 4.2 years in girls and 1.4 years in boys.brain maturity

In 2021, covid-19 replaced stroke as the second leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94 deaths per 100,000 people, says a study published in The Lancet. The pandemic changed the ranking of the five leading causes of death that had remained stable since 1990, according to the study, which is based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. The study found that life expectancy since 1990 increased by 6.2 years, an increase that slowed during the pandemic.  

A study published in the journal Science has analyzed the set of proteins present in the blood of 113 people with covid-19 and 39 healthy people. According to their results, patients with persistent covid had a higher amount of proteins related to complement activation, a system involved in the inflammatory and immune response. In addition, there was an increase in antibodies against cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. According to the authors, "available therapies targeting the terminal complement pathway could offer new treatment strategies for persistent covid."

A study carried out in two hospitals in Denmark has compared the brain health of 120 patients admitted for covid over 18 months with that of other hospitalized patients with similar severity due to pneumonia, heart attack or need for intensive care, as well as with healthy people. The conclusions are that patients with covid worsened with respect to the latter, but did so in a similar way to other hospitalized persons. According to the authors, "although studies are needed to confirm these findings, brain health after covid-19 appears generally comparable to that of other diseases of similar severity."