Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)

An international study has warned of the potential risks of widespread use of faecal microbiota transplantation without taking into account the region of the intestine where the transferred microbes arrive. The experiment, conducted on mice and human tissue samples, showed that the microbes from the transplant—mostly anaerobic microbes from the colon—colonised the small intestine, persisted there for months and modified that new environment, causing changes in the host's metabolism. According to the authors, whose study is published in the journal Cell, this may have long-lasting and unforeseen consequences, as well as imbalances in the intestinal ecosystem of patients.

A team led by the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Barcelona and the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) has developed and used a new artificial intelligence (AI) tool called CANYA, together with a large volume of data, to predict when and why protein aggregation takes place. The resource could be used to advance research into neurodegenerative diseases and drug production, according to the joint press release. The results are published in the journal Science Advances.

US President Donald Trump has announced that all goods imported into the United States will be subject to a 10 % tariff. In the case of goods from the European Union, this will increase to 20 %, according to the executive order signed by Trump, which will affect the EU's science and health industry. This tariff will be even higher with other trading partners. The measure will not affect pharmaceuticals for the time being.

The budget cuts affecting scientific activity in countries such as the United States and the fragility of centralised systems make decentralised and collaborative models a necessity. Science, intrinsically global, requires structures that can withstand local pressures. In this situation, Europe has the opportunity - and the duty - to lead a new paradigm where data is free, secure and accessible.

A study led by ISGlobal researchers has analysed how the loss of Arctic sea ice influences climate in isolation from other factors related to climate change. Their results, published in the journal Communications Earth and Environment, show that, on a time scale of decades, the loss of Arctic sea ice favours a drier climate in the southwestern United States -in particular in California-, especially in winter. This phenomenon would also affect the climate of Spain and Portugal, leading to wetter conditions in winter, although the effect is weaker.

A team from the University of Iowa (USA) has found a relationship between specific species of microbiota bacteria and the severity of multiple sclerosis. Specifically, a lower ratio between the quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia was related to the disease and to a worse course of the disease, both in mice and in two cohorts of patients and people without the disease. According to the authors, who publish the results in the journal PNAS, the finding could be used to improve the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.

A synthetic microbiome therapy, tested on mice, protects against the severe symptoms of a difficult-to-treat and potentially fatal intestinal infection in humans: Clostridioides difficile. Although inspired by the idea of human faecal transplants, the new approach does not require faecal matter. Instead, it uses fewer, but more precise, bacterial strains. The study is published in the journal Cell Host & Microbe.

‘Bacterial signatures’ from genital areas could serve as a forensic tool to identify perpetrators of sexual assault, even if there is no trace of sperm, according to a study published in the journal iScience, by the Cell group. After sequencing the DNA of bacteria from genital samples from 12 stable couples, the authors show that a transfer of bacterial species occurs during intercourse, allowing the identification of each person’s own genital microbiome or ‘sexome’.

An artificial intelligence (AI) model led by the company Meta is capable of translating speech and text, including direct speech-to-speech translations, from up to 101 languages in some cases. According to the research team, this model - called SEAMLESSM4T - can pave the way for fast universal translations ‘with resources to be made publicly available for non-commercial use’. The work is published in the journal Nature.

The year 2024 was the warmest year on record globally and the first calendar year in which the global average temperature exceeded its pre-industrial level by 1.5 °C, the Copernicus Climate Change Service has confirmed.