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An international team has analyzed data collected between 1990 and 2024 from nearly one million people in seven countries regarding their body mass index, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. The results indicate that, in adults over 40, these levels have been converging, becoming quite similar overall in obese and non-obese individuals, possibly due to the widespread use of treatments. Despite these findings, the authors note that there are other risks associated with obesity not included in the study, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and cancer, among others. The work is published in The Lancet. 

An essay published today in the journal PLOS Climate examines the need for “immediate and sustained” investment to safeguard urban forests. The article reviews the necessary policies, ranging from maintenance and management to legal protections. The authors call on policymakers to “prioritize” these spaces in their strategies to combat climate change, given their positive role in climate resilience, biodiversity, and public health.

Two Copernicus services have independently confirmed that global sea surface temperatures have broken records for this time of year. Daily data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service exceeded the 2024 levels on 21 June, reaching 20.86 °C, higher than the 20.83 °C recorded in 2023 and 2024. Data from the Copernicus Marine Watch Service show temperatures of 21.0 °C on 21 June, beating the 2023 and 2024 records by 0.1 °C. This unprecedented warming is linked to the onset of El Niño (announced by the WMO and declared by NOAA on 11 June) and to record-breaking sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific; consequences are anticipated for weather patterns, the global climate and marine ecosystems.

A team of researchers analyzed data on mental health consultations among people aged 10 to 46 in Norway’s primary care system from 2010 to 2024. They observed significant increases in consultations for symptoms of anxiety and depression, particularly among young people and especially among women. However, the proportion of consultations coded as disorders increased only slightly or remained stable. The authors suggest that this discrepancy may be due to changes in help-seeking behavior when experiencing psychological distress and in diagnostic practices, rather than an increase in mental health problems. Furthermore, they note that the growing volume of consultations for symptoms poses a challenge for primary care physicians, one that could be addressed through psychoeducation or digital interventions. The article is published in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, part of the BMJ Group.

An article published in Nature describes how the first use of precision editing has shed light on a gene essential for embryonic development. The authors caution that the clinical application of genome editing in human embryos requires rigorous ethical analysis and oversight, as well as broad public debate and support.

Venezuela has been hit by a pair of earthquakes measuring 7.2 and 7.5 on the Richter scale, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The quakes struck less than a minute apart and have severely affected the city of Caracas and surrounding areas. Interim President Delcy Rodríguez reported that the death toll has risen from 32 to 164 and the number of injured from 700 to 971. She also declared the state of La Guaira, north of Caracas, a “disaster area” and announced the mobilization of the country’s entire public and private healthcare network.

An article published in Nature shows that the last Neanderthals in northwestern Europe exhibited greater genetic variability than previously thought, which, according to the authors, could call into question the idea that this was one of the causes of their extinction. The study included genetic data from 27 Neanderthals dating back about 52,500 years, found at ten sites in France and Belgium. The genome of a 45,000-year-old Neanderthal found in Belgium was also sequenced. According to the results, these Neanderthals lived in large, well-connected groups, as they showed no signs of inbreeding. Although they temporarily coexisted with early modern humans in that region, the study found no evidence of interbreeding with them.

The French Ministry of Health has reported, in a statement, the first case of Ebola in the country. The patient is a doctor who has returned from a humanitarian mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the outbreak has already claimed 277 lives.

A systematic review with a meta-analysis published in The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Women’s Health concludes that there is insufficient evidence that most complementary treatments for in vitro fertilization (IVF) improve fertility in patients undergoing this procedure. Some of these techniques involve introducing platelet-rich plasma into the uterus or ovaries, administering a lipid infusion into the bloodstream, administering corticosteroids, or performing preimplantation genetic testing to detect aneuploidies—that is, abnormalities in chromosome number. According to the study, which included 85 clinical trials, there is only evidence—albeit of low quality—suggesting a possible benefit from three treatments: EmbryoGlue—a method of embryo transfer containing hyaluronic acid—endometrial scraping, and physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection—a technique for selecting sperm.

An article published in the journal Newton, part of the Cell Press group, has studied the optics of chicken eggs using a noninvasive technique known as time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy. This technique is used to determine the absorption and scattering properties of the material based on the distribution of photons within the shell. The study shows that photons bounce off the shell numerous times inside the egg, making it possible to inspect its interior, determine whether the eggs have been fertilized, and detect the sex of the embryos. According to the research team, this technique could prevent the current culling of millions of male chicks at birth—since they do not lay eggs and are not profitable for the industry.