In the United States, the human papillomavirus vaccine began to be recommended in 2006 for girls aged 9-26 years. A study published in the journal JAMA Health Forum concludes that the campaign significantly reduced the risk of HPV infection in vaccinated women. In addition, herd immunity reduced the likelihood of infection in unvaccinated women.

A study published in The Lancet finds that 44.4% of cancer deaths worldwide are due to preventable risk factors, especially smoking, alcohol consumption and being overweight. 

A study published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment (from Nature Research) estimates that a reduction of 686 million tonnes of carbon emissions could be achieved each year if the world followed a cycling pattern similar to that of the Netherlands (2.6 kilometres per day). This is about 20 % of the carbon emissions produced by the global passenger car fleet in 2015.

The lack of rainfall and the decrease in available water resources have caused 47% of European territory to be on drought pre-alert and 17% to be on alert. The lesser experience of northern countries in managing this phenomenon and the high vulnerability of southern regions mean that this drought is having a major impact on various economic sectors, in addition to supply cuts.

After the scientific success and popularity of the Hubble and James Webb space megatelescopes, there are other smaller telescopes with important missions. This is the case of the European Space Agency's PLATO, whose telescopes will have the challenge of searching for exoplanets by monitoring hundreds of thousands of stars.

The UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has approved an updated version of the covid-19 vaccine manufactured by Moderna that also targets the omicron variant. It is intended to serve as a booster dose for adults.

In summer it is more difficult to keep food at the optimum temperature to prevent the development of micro-organisms. Cooking and storing what we eat properly are some of the keys to avoiding food-borne illnesses.

How to tackle the remaining forest fires? The author proposes that long-term policy measures are needed that go beyond reactive firefighting, which can aggravate the problem.

According to a study off the coasts of France, Italy, Spain, Croatia, Slovenia and Greece, catches of threatened elasmobranchs are higher in partially protected areas than in unprotected areas, suggesting that small-scale fishing may be affecting these species.

A study published today in The Lancet examines the clinical manifestations of monkeypox in 181 patients at three sexual health clinics in Madrid and Barcelona.