Discovered years ago, PINK1 is a protein directly linked to Parkinson's disease, but it was not known what it looks like, how it binds to the surface of damaged mitochondria or how it is activated. A study published this week in Science has for the first time determined the structure of this protein. The authors suggest that this new information could help in finding new treatments.

23% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 between 2021 and 2023 developed long covid and more than half of them had persistent symptoms for two years. These are the main conclusions of a study led by ISGlobal that followed more than 2,700 people in Catalonia. The results are published in the journal BMC Medicine.

In women, high consumption of sugary drinks is associated with an increased risk of oral cavity cancer, according to a study published in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. Among research participants who consumed one or more sugary drinks per day, the rate of these cancers was 5 cases per 100,000 people, compared to 2 cases per 100,000 among those who drank less than one per month. The analysis is based on data from more than 162,000 nurses followed for 30 years in the United States. According to the authors, further studies with larger samples, including men, are needed to validate these results.

An international team has developed an implantable neuroprosthesis in the spinal cord that can interact with various robotic devices and enable movements in people with severe spinal cord injuries. The study, conducted in nine patients, showed that the device facilitated robotic-assisted walking and cycling and promoted neuromuscular activation. The results are published in the journal Science Robotics.  

Extrachromosomal DNA circles are structures that appear floating in the nucleus of cells in some tumours and are associated with a poor prognosis. Now, an international team has studied the mechanism by which they could contribute to the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer. The circles may contain an oncogene called Myc that promotes growth. Furthermore, their quantity increases or decreases to adapt to the environment. Although they were only observed in 15% of the cases studied, the discovery could open up new possibilities for treatment, according to the authors. The results are published in the journal Nature.

A fragment of a human face discovered in 2022 at the Sima del Elefante site in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos) and dated to between 1.1 and 1.4 million years ago represents the oldest known face in Western Europe. The fossil, nicknamed ‘Pink’, does not belong to Homo antecessor, but has been provisionally catalogued as Homo affinis erectus. The find, which is published in the journal Nature, could indicate that Western Europe was populated by at least two species of hominids during the Early Pleistocene: Homo affinis erectus and, later, Homo antecessor.

On Tuesday the European Commission presented the draft of its new Critical Medicines Act. Its objective is to address the serious shortage of medicines and healthcare products, reduce external dependence on critical medicines and ingredients — especially from Asia — and guarantee the supply of affordable medicines in the European Union.

A study led by ISGlobal researchers has analysed how the loss of Arctic sea ice influences climate in isolation from other factors related to climate change. Their results, published in the journal Communications Earth and Environment, show that, on a time scale of decades, the loss of Arctic sea ice favours a drier climate in the southwestern United States -in particular in California-, especially in winter. This phenomenon would also affect the climate of Spain and Portugal, leading to wetter conditions in winter, although the effect is weaker.

Epstein-Barr virus infection appears to be a necessary condition for developing multiple sclerosis, but the specific mechanisms that cause it in some people are not known. An international study of more than 1,300 people, including 650 patients, has found that elevated production of certain antibodies increases the risk of developing the disease. These antibodies target a specific protein in the virus, but can in turn act in a cross-species manner and damage other similar proteins in the nervous system. The results are published in the journal PNAS.

The maximum number of artificial satellites that can safely orbit the Earth could be reduced due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions of human origin, according to a modelling study. The increase in these gases may result in a reduction in the density of the planet's orbital space. Between 2000 and 2100, the carrying capacity of satellites between 200 and 1,000 kilometres altitude could be reduced by between 50 and 66%, estimates the study published in Nature Sustainability.