Modern humans may have coexisted with Neanderthals in northern Spain and France between 1,400 and 2,900 years before the disappearance of Neanderthals, according to a study published in Scientific Reports.

During Pfizer's appearance before the European Parliament this week, a company executive responded to the question of whether "Pfizer's vaccine was tested to stop transmission of the virus (SARS-CoV-2) before going to market" by saying "no".

A US team has successfully integrated brain-like tissue derived from human stem cells into the brains of newborn rats. The research is published in the journal Nature.

An international study published in the journal PNAS has associated deforestation and climate change with different species of monkeys and lemurs that usually live in trees spending more time on the ground. This implies that they would be exposed to a greater number of hazards. The research has taken place in 47 species in different parts of the Americas and Madagascar.

Based on a model, a study theorises that Mars may have been habitable for microorganisms 3.7 billion years ago, according to the journal Nature Astronomy.

The so-called Nobel Prize in Economics 2022 - officially the Bank of Sweden's Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences - has been awarded to Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig. "They have significantly improved our understanding of the role of banks in the economy, especially during financial crises," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences notes.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 has been awarded to Barry Sharpless and Morten Meldal for laying the foundations of click chemistry, which quickly and efficiently joins molecular building blocks; and to Carolyn Bertozzi, who pioneered bioorthogonal reactions, which use this technique inside living organisms without altering the chemistry of the cell.

A Canadian study published in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology found that adjusted mortality from myocardial infarction is not different between men and women aged 18-55 years, but hospital readmission in the following year is higher in women.

On 27 September, the National Microbiology Centre detected a positive H5N1 avian influenza in a worker at a poultry farm in Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha). The sample was taken on the 23rd and the affected person remained asymptomatic until he tested negative, according to Animal's Health.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger for their experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell's inequalities and becoming pioneers in quantum information science.