Previous studies had confirmed the presence of liquid in Mars' core. However, there was conflicting information about the possible existence of a solid component. Now, data from NASA's InSight mission show that there is indeed a solid component in the planet's core, whose radius is estimated at about 600 kilometers. The data, published in the journal Nature, may increase our understanding of the formation and evolution of Mars, as well as its potential habitability.
A team of neuroscientists from the International Brain Laboratory has described for the first time a virtually complete map of brain activity in mice during the decision-making process. To do so, they recorded the activity of more than half a million neurons across 12 different laboratories, representing 95% of brain volume. The map contradicts a hierarchical view of information processing and shows that decision-making is distributed in a coordinated manner across multiple brain areas. The results are published in two articles simultaneously in the journal Nature.
The twisting and bending of a steel girder bridge after a serious accident can, under certain conditions, prevent the structure from collapsing. This has been demonstrated by a team from the Polytechnic University of Valencia and the University of Vigo. Using a scale model of a steel girder railway bridge and simulations, the engineers explored the structures' response to typical damage scenarios, in which a key component is cut to simulate its failure. "These findings can be used to improve current bridge design," the authors note in the study, which is published in Nature.
The planet's capacity to store carbon emissions in geological formations is 1,460 gigatons, according to a study published in the journal Nature. This ceiling is likely to be reached by 2200 under current global warming mitigation scenarios, so, according to the authors, countries should reconsider the role of carbon storage in their plans to reduce emissions.
A man's exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood may increase his children's risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, according to research published in the journal Thorax. Although this is an observational study from which no firm conclusions about causality can be drawn, the authors believe that their findings could be due, at least in part, to a type of epigenetic inheritance and ‘suggest that smoking may adversely affect lung function not only in smokers, but also in their children and grandchildren.’
Brain-computer interfaces are devices that decode nerve signals and can help people with paralysis move and communicate. Now, a team at the University of California (USA) has used artificial intelligence tools to improve their functioning. In an initial study, their use improved a person with paraplegia's cursor control fourfold. It also allowed the person to perform tasks with a robotic arm that they couldn't complete without the AI. The results are published in the journal Nature Machine Intelligence.
On 22 August, the UN officially declared famine in Gaza, defined as an extreme situation of food insecurity in which there is insufficient access to food to survive, leading to high rates of malnutrition, disease and mortality. The Spanish Society of Epidemiology explains how this situation is technically assessed, as well as the implications of the declaration.
An international team has analysed gender representation in more than 1,000 clinical trials on cardiovascular disease between 2017 and 2023, involving more than one million people. Although female participation has increased, especially in areas such as obesity and heart failure, women continue to be underrepresented overall compared to men. The results, presented at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress held in Madrid from 29 August to 1 September, are published in JAMA Network Open.
For women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer, the long-term risk of developing a second primary cancer is low, around 2–3 per cent higher than that of women in the general population. This is one of the conclusions of a study published by The BMJ, which analysed data from nearly half a million women diagnosed in England between 1993 and 2016 with early-stage invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery. During a follow-up period of up to 20 years, around 65,000 women developed a second primary cancer, but the absolute excess risk compared to the risks in the general population was small.
So-called ‘supercell thunderstorms’ — incredibly intense phenomena that bring hurricane-force winds, hail, torrential rain and often tornadoes — will become more frequent in Europe as the Earth continues to warm. This is the conclusion of a study published in Science Advances, which indicates that the increase could reach 11% in a scenario where temperatures rise by 3°C.