Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)

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SMC participants

'Ramón y Cajal' postdoctoral researcher at the Biologial Mission of Galicia and head of the ECOP research group – Landscape Ecology

Senior Scientist at the Spanish Institute of Oceanography, IEO-CSIC

Senior scientist at the CSIC at the Animal Health Research Centre (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA)

Researcher at the Instituto Cajal, CSIC

Doctor in Ecology and postdoctoral researcher at the National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC) in Madrid

Professor of Economics at Durham University (United Kingdom), Research Professor at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Lead Author of the International Cooperation chapter of the IPCC's AR6

EMERGIA post-doctoral research in the Sky Quality Office

Research professor at public research organisations at the CSIC Institute of History, in the Department of Archaeology and Social Processes

Researcher at the Institute of Public Goods and Policies of the CSIC (IPP-CSIC)

CSIC research professor and expert in food safety and water quality

Head of the Epidemiology and Environmental Health research group at CISA, INIA-CSIC.

Senior scientist at the Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), principal investigator at CIBERSAM and head of the Systems Neuropharmacology group at IDIBAPS-Fundació Clínic.

Research Professor at the Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC)

 

Director of the Institute of Neurosciences, a joint centre of the Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH) and the CSIC

Research Professor at IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB)
 

Researcher at the Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE)

Researcher at the Mixed Institute for Biodiversity Research (IMIB), CSIC-University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias

Researcher at the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants (UPV-CSIC)

Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Institute of Corpuscular Physics (IFIC), University of Valencia - CSIC

Research professor in the Department of Paleobiology at the National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC

Scientific researcher at the CSIC at the Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology

Research Professor at the Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC)

CSIC research scientist in the Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry at the Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC)

Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Autonomous University of Madrid and deputy director of the Centre for Molecular Disease Diagnosis at the Centre for Molecular Biology (CBM-UAM-CSIC).

Research scientist in the Department of Astrophysics at the Centre for Astrobiology (CAB), CSIC-INTA, ESAC campus (Madrid)
Senior Lecturer at the University of Oviedo, Deputy Director of the Joint Research Institute on Biodiversity (IMIB), Coordinator of the Vegetation and Biodiversity Laboratory, and Scientific Director of the Atlantic Botanical Garden in Gijón

Researcher at the National Museum of Natural Sciences of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)

Research Professor and the Director of the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) located in the area of Barcelona. He is Adjunct Professor of the Western Sydney University.

PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CSIC research scientist at the Center for Astrobiology (CSIC-INTA), where he leads a group researching the origin of life and the development of biosensors, and science communicator.

Ramón y Cajal researcher at the Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC)

Researcher at the CSIC, responsible for the Ocean-Climate System Assessment Unit and collaborator in international United Nations processes on climate change and oceans

Co-director of the Microbiome Analysis Laboratory and Research Professor

CSIC Tenured Scientist of the Q-MAD group at the Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA)

Researcher at the Department of Physical and Technological Oceanography of the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC).

Senior Scientist at the CSIC and researcher at the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa

Postdoctoral researcher at the Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC- Universitat Pompeu Fabra).

Researcher at the Climate, Atmosphere and Oceans Laboratory (Climatoc-Lab) at the Desertification Research Centre (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GVA)

Professor of Animal Health at the Institute for Research in Game Resources (IREC) and head of the Health and Biotechnology Research Group (SaBio) at the University of Castilla-La Mancha

Neuroscientist researcher in physical exercise and memory at the Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (CSIC)

Scientific Director of the Neurotropic Vectors Service at the Institute of Neurosciences (CSIC-UMH)

Tenured Scientist and Honorary Associate Professor at the Joint Research Institute for Biodiversity (University of Oviedo–CSIC–Principality of Asturias) and Swansea University (United Kingdom)

CSIC research professor at CREAF (Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications)

Principal investigator of the 3D Genomics group at the Andalusian Centre for Development Biology (CABD)

Researcher at the UAM-CSIC Institute of Theoretical Physics and in the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Autonomous University of Madrid

Research scientist at the CSIC Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry

Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Seville, principal investigator at CABIMER (CSIC-US) in the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroimmunology 

Director of the Water and Global Change Department

Researcher at the Institute of Interdisciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (IFISC-CSIC-UIB)

Senior Scientist in Social Sciences at INGENIO (CSIC-UPV)

Director of the Institute of Economy, Geography and Demography of the CSIC

Researcher at the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO - CSIC)

Head of the Experimental Pharmacology and New Targets in Cardiopulmonary Disorders Group at the Margarita Salas Biological Research Centre - CSIC

Researcher at the Madrid Institute of Materials Science, CSIC, and member of the Nanostructured Hybrid, Biohybrid and Porous Materials group

Researcher at the Doñana Biological Station (CSIC)

CEO and founder of Marsi Bionics and a research scientist at the CSIC on leave of absence

Researcher in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health at the Centre for Animal Health Research CISA-INIA, CSIC

Honorary Professor, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC)

Senior scientist at the Institute of Language, Literature and Anthropology of the CSIC, expert in climate anthropology

CIDEGENT Distinguished Researcher

Director of the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies (IDAEA-CSIC)

Honorary Doctor at the CSIC Institute of History, in the Department of Archaeology and Social Processes

Researcher in the Department of Palaeobiology at the National Museum of Natural Sciences – CSIC

Staff scientist at the Institute of Materials Science of Madrid – CSIC and member of the Supramolecular, Polymeric and Reticular Materials group

Group Leader in Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM) of CSIC

PhD in Biology, CSIC researcher and associate professor at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid

Scientist at the Center for Human and Social Sciences, IPP-CSIC, specialized in meta-research in public health, epidemiology and health services.

Doctor of Medicine specialising in Paediatrics, Rare Diseases and Molecular Genetics, research professor at the CSIC and chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Únicas Centre, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital

Research Professor at the Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences. Executive Vice-President of the Women and Science Commission of the CSIC.

Researcher in the Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Zaidín Experimental Station-CSIC

Research scientist at the Institute of Neurosciences in Alicante (CSIC-UMH), head of the Molecular Neurogenetics group

Researcher at the Institute of Geosciences, IGEO (CSIC-UCM)

Researcher, Instituto de Física Corpuscular 

Tenured Scientist at the Barcelona Institute of Microelectronics (IMB-CNM) of the CSIC and member of the Radiation Detectors research group

Researcher at the Joint Institute for Biodiversity Research of the University of Oviedo

Senior Researcher and Head of the Neural and Glial Networks Laboratory at the Cajal Neuroscience Center (CNC-CSIC)

Research Professor leading the research group New platforms and nanodevices for quantum simulation and computing of the Madrid Institute of Materials Science (CSIC)

Professor of the Department of Theoretical Physics & IFIC of the University of Valencia - CSIC

Senior scientist in the Biotechnology Department at INIA-CSIC

Forestry engineer and senior scientist at the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)

Research Professor in the Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology at the National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC)

Ecologist. 'Ramón y Cajal' researcher working at EBD-CSIC (Doñana Biological Station)

 

Coordinator of the CSIC Global Health Platform and researcher at the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC)

Principal investigator at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF)

Scientist in the Epidemiology and Environmental Health research group at CISA, INIA-CSIC.

Postdoctoral researcher at Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC)

 

Co-director of the coronavirus group at the National Biotechnology Centre (CNB-CSIC)

Head of the Cybermetrics Laboratory and Deputy Technical Director of the Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP-CSIC)

Researcher on the evaluation of science at Leiden University (Netherlands) and at the Ingenio Institute (CSIC-UPV)

Research professor at the Institute of Geosciences, IGEO (CSIC-UCM)
 

Director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (CSIC-UAM-UCM-UC3M)

CSIC Group Leader at the Institute of Neurosciences (CSIC-UMH)

Researcher at the Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC)

Researcher at the Madrid Institute of Materials Science, CSIC, and member of the Nanostructured Hybrid, Biohybrid and Porous Materials group

 

Senior scientist at the Fat Institute-CSIC

Professor ad honorem of the CSIC at the Severo Ochoa Centre for Molecular Biology

Research Professor at the Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC)

Planetary geologist and astrobiologist at the IGEO (CSIC-UCM). Academician of the Royal Academies of Sciences and Doctors of Spain. President of the Planetary Geology Commission of the Geological Society of Spain and of the Spanish Network of Planetology and Astrobiology.

Research Professor at the Institute for Environmental Diagnoses and Water Studies (IDAEA-CSIC) and Director of the Natural Risk Assessment and Management Service (NRAMS)

Research Professor at the CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry at the Institute of Environmental Diagnosis and Water Studies (IDAEA-CSIC)

CSIC research professor at CREAF

Research scientist at the Public Research Organisation (PRO) at the Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and principal investigator at CIBERNED

Research scientist at the Centre for Astrobiology (CAB), CSIC-INTA, ESAC campus (Madrid)

Researcher in the Department of Biogeography and Global Change at the National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC)

Research professor at the Doñana Biological Station (CSIC)

Research Professor at the IAA-CSIC (Granada) and co-principal investigator of the SO/PHI instrument on board Solar Orbiter

Research scientist at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (ICMAT, CSIC-UAM-UCM-UC3M), specialising in arithmetic geometry

Scientific researcher in the Water and Global Change Department of the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME-CSIC)

Head of the Concrete Laboratory Technical Unit, Deputy Technical Director of the Eduardo Torroja Institute of Construction Science at the CSIC

Senior Scientist at the Institute of Advanced Social Studies (IESA-CSIC)

Astrophysicist at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)

Scientific researcher at ICMAT and Vice-President for Scientific and Technical Research at CSIC

ICREA Research Professor at the Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB)

CSIC researcher at the National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN) specialised in hydrological risks in the context of global change and member of the Risk Commission of the Geosciences Connection

Research Professor at CSIC and head of the CO2 Capture group at the Institute of Carbon Science and Technology (INCAR)

Senior Scientist at the Animal Health Research Centre (CISA) of the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)

CSIC geologist and paleontologist at the Institute of Geosciences (CSIC-UCM)

Researcher at the Institute of Corpuscular Physics (IFIC), a joint center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the University of Valencia (UV); coordinator of the Spanish groups in KM3Net (Cubic Kilometer Neutrino Telescope)

Director of the Institute of Optics “Daza de Valdés”

Research professor at the Institute of Theoretical Physics (UAM-CSIC)

Research Scientist at the Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC

Research professor at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) at the Institute of Corpuscular Physics (IFIC) in Valencia (University of Valencia-CSIC), co-principal investigator of the KM3NeT research team at IFIC and co-leader of the VEGA Group at IFIC

Senior Scientist in the Paleobiology Department of the National Museum of Natural Sciences (Madrid)

CSIC research professor (honorary) at the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (CSIC-UMH) and member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Spain

Researcher specializing in environmental chemistry at the Institute of General Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC)

CSIC lecturer at CIDE (Centre for Research on Desertification), Valencia

Member of the Food Security and Environment Research Group of the Desertification Research Centre (Valencia)

PhD in Physics and tenured scientist at the Institute of Physics of Cantabria (CSIC-UC)

CSIC research professor at the Cajal Institute

Tenure scientist, PhD in Physics, specialising in superconductors, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC).

Researcher in the Water and Global Change Department of the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME-CSIC)

CSIC researcher at CREAF and co-coordinator of the Laboratory for Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology

Research professor at the National Biotechnology Centre (CNB-CSIC) and at the CIBERER-ISCIII

 

Senior Scientist at the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME, CSIC)

Research Professor at CSIC at the Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP)

CSIC senior scientist, researcher in reproductive biology

CNB-CSIC Scientific Researcher at the CiMUS of the University of Santiago de Compostela, IDIS. Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Cancer and Aging

Virologist and immunologist at the Severo Ochoa Centre for Molecular Biology, coordinator of the CSIC interdisciplinary research platform on Global Health.

Researcher at the Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC).

Researcher at the Institute for Food Science Research (CSIC-UAM)

PhD in Environmental Sciences and researcher at the Balearic Islands Oceanographic Centre (IEO-CSIC)

Head of the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease research group and researcher at the Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre

Research Professor at the Institute for the Structure of Matter, CSIC

Researcher at Geosciences Barcelona (GEO3BCN - CSIC)

Senior Researcher at the Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology (CBM-CSIC-UAM)

Head of the Immunometabolism and Inflammation Laboratory at the Center for Molecular Biology and scientific researcher at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)

Researcher in the Viral Immunology: Therapies and Vaccines group at the Margarita Salas Biological Research Center.

Senior Lecturer in the Department of Theoretical Physics at the University of Valencia and at the Institute of Corpuscular Physics (IFIC)

Virologist at the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC)

CSIC research professor in the Department of Biogeography and Global Change at the National Museum of Natural Sciences and coordinator of the PTI-Agriambio platform

Research Professor at the CINN-CSIC and head of the Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine group at the Institute for Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA)

Professor of Physics of the Earth in the Department of Physics at the UIB and researcher at IMEDEA

Researcher at the Cajal Center for Neuroscience – CSIC and principal investigator at the Laboratory of Dynamics and Plasticity of the Glia-Neuron Circuit

Head of the Cerebral Cortex Development research group at the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC)

Research Professor at INGENIO (CSIC-UPV)

Research scientist at CSIC

Senior scientist at the Margarita Salas Biological Research Centre of the CSIC.

Research scientist at the CSIC’s Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (Granada)

Tenured scientist CSIC & PI, Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University

Professor and researcher in the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Autonomous University of Madrid and at the Institute of Theoretical Physics (IFT UAM-CSIC), scientific coordinator of the entire NASA Fermi-LAT Collaboration between 2023-2025 and coordinator of the ‘Dark Matter and New Physics’ working groups of the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray collaborations (2014-16 and 2020-2022) and CTAO (2018-2020) collaborations

Full CSIC scientist.

Researcher at the Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science-Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC

Researcher at the Mixed Institute for Biodiversity Research (IMIB), CSIC-University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias

Senior researcher in ecotoxicology

Nicolás Toro, CSIC Research Professor.

Principal Investigator of the Developmental Neurobiology Group at the Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (CSIC)

Professor at the University of Valencia, former director of the Institute of Corpuscular Physics (IFIC), University of Valencia - CSIC

Research Scientist at the Department of Planetology and Habitability of CAB-INTA-CSIC

Senior Scientist at the Institute of Environmental Diagnosis and Water Studies at CSIC (IDAEA-CSIC) and visiting professor at SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Science (Sweden)

CSIC research professor in the Department of Metabolism, Inflammation and Ageing at the Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC)

Industrial pollution researcher, member of the Environmental Geochemistry and Atmospheric Research group (EGAR)

Researcher at the Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC-University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias)

Head of the Stellar Physics Department at the Andalusian Institute of Astrophysics (IAA-CSIC) and coordinator of the CSIC research group ‘Physics of Low-Mass Stars, Exoplanets and Associated Instrumentation’ (PLeXI Group)

Research Professor in the Integrative Ecology Department at Doñana Biological Station  (CSIC)

Researcher at the National Biotechnology Centre (CNB-CSIC)

Scientific researcher at the Plant Protection Products Unit of the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC)

Computer scientist and physicist, emeritus research professor at the CSIC, founder of the Institute for Research in Artificial Intelligence (IIIA-CSIC), honorary professor at Western Sydney University and a pioneer of AI research in Spain

Senior scientist at the Institute of Advanced Social Studies (IESA) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)

 

Scientific researcher at the Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis (ISQCH, Unizar-CSIC), where she is the principal investigator of the Asymmetric Organocatalysis group
Research Professor at the Cajal Centre for Neuroscience, CSIC

CSIC researcher at the Centro de Investigación en Agrigenómica and member of COSCE

Principal investigator of the Metabolism and Regulation of Gene Expression group at the Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (CSIC)

Principal investigator at the Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Centre

Researcher specialized in ecology and evolution of antibiotic resistance.

Director of the Institute of Corpuscular Physics (IFIC), a joint center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the University of Valencia (UV)
Research professor at the Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), specialising in droughts

Head of the Non-Invasive Neurofunctional Assessment Service at the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid - CSIC

Virologist at the National Biotechnology Centre (CNB-CSIC)

Research Professor at the Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography (IEGD) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC).

Contracted Lecturer, member of the SaBio Group at the Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (IREC) (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)

Researcher CIDEGENT

Research Professor at CSIC at the Institute of Neurosciences (Alicante)

 

Research Professor at the Segura Centre for Soil Science and Applied Biology (CEBAS-CSIC) and Head of the Soil and Water Conservation Group

CSIC Research Professor at the National Center of Biotechnology

CSIC Research Professor at the Instituto de Diagnóstico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA), CSIC.

 

CSIC research professor, scientific director of the Cancer Research Centre, Salamanca, and former president of ASEICA

Head of the African Swine Fever Virus Laboratory at the Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center (CBMSO)

Contents related to this centre
butterfly

The decline of insects in Central and Western Europe in recent years is mainly due to human activities and the intensification of agriculture, according to a study funded by three companies (Bayer, BASF and Syngenta) that manufacture pesticides. The paper, published in PLoS ONE, summarises an analysis of 82 other published studies and explains the causes of population declines in two groups of insects: carabids (ground beetles) and lepidopterans (including moths and butterflies). The authors estimate that "anthropogenic activities in general" are most responsible for this decline, followed by agricultural intensification (including pesticides) and climate change in third place.

Mosquito Alert

Today it is difficult to see science policies that do not mention citizen science or citizen participation in science. On World Mosquito Day, which is celebrated on August 20, we analyze what has been achieved by the Mosquito Alert project, based on citizen science and which the Ministry of Health has supported this summer within the framework of the National Plan for Disease Prevention, Surveillance and Control Transmitted by Vectors.

wildfire

The fires in Hawaii, which have left at least a hundred dead and hundreds missing, have devastated entire towns and villages and have put the issue of how to prevent such intense fires back on the table. World Wildfire Prevention Day is celebrated this Friday 18 August. The increase in the occurrence and recurrence of large wildfires jeopardizes the resilience of socio-ecological systems. Efforts in prevention must be a priority and constant throughout the year. We have a joint responsibility as a society to face this unprecedented problem, which will worsen in the coming years.

swine flu

Influenza A can cause influenza in humans, birds, pigs, and other mammals. In 2009 and 2010, a pandemic caused by the pdm09 strain—popularly called 'swine flu' because it contained genetic sequences from avian, swine, and human influenza—caused thousands of human deaths worldwide. Since then, this lineage has crossed over 370 times from humans to pigs in the United States, according to a study published in PLOS Pathogens. The research also indicates that the circulation of the virus among pigs may cause further evolutionary changes in this lineage, which would increase the risk of the virus passing back to humans.

superconductor

A team of South Korean researchers claims to have achieved a superconductor at room temperature and pressure for the first time in history. If true, it would mean a revolution in physics with implications for the whole of society. The material, called LK-99, is based on a copper-doped lead apatite framework. The article is a preprint and can be read in the ArXiv repository, where the research community shares their work before it is reviewed for publication in a scientific journal.

Cat

According to a statement issued Monday by the World Health Organisation (WHO), Poland has reported that "unusual" cat deaths have been found in several areas of the country. Of the 47 samples tested (46 from cats and one from a caracal, another type of feline), 29 were positive for the avian influenza A(H5N1) virus. The surveillance period for all contacts has now ended and no contacts have shown symptoms. According to WHO, "sporadic A(H5N1) infections of cats have been reported previously, but this is the first report of a large number of infected cats in a large geographical area within a country".

Crawford Lake

The Anthropocene Working Group of the International Commission on Stratigraphy has  proposed Crawford Lake in Canada as a reference site for studying the Anthropocene as a possible geological epoch. This proposal for a Global boundary and Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) was presented today at the International Congress of Stratigraphy in Lille, France. It is a necessary, but not sufficient step for the Anthropocene to enter the International Chronostratigraphic Table, the worldwide reference for geological units. Once approved by the AWG, this proposal has to go through three more votes in international geological bodies. 

Anthropocene

The term Anthropocene describes the profound changes on Earth due to human activities in the past decades. The concept comes from geology but has spread to other areas and has sparked controversy within science. In this article, we provide some keys to understand what the Anthropocene is, and why there has been debate in recent days surrounding its possible declaration.  

gripe_aviar

Although outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza have reached record numbers in recent years, human infections remain anecdotal. A study published today in Nature identifies a protein responsible for inhibiting the replication of this virus in humans, while 'human' flus are able to evade it. The authors propose that this protein with antiviral activity evolved in primates and consider that resistance or sensitivity to it should be taken into account when assessing the zoonotic potential of avian influenza viruses.

embrion

Berna Sozen's lab at Yale University has announced a new milestone in the competition to create synthetic embryos: their human pluripotent stem cells self-organise into structures that mimic embryonic development on days 9-14 after fertilisation and include extra-embryonic tissues. Their achievement is published in Nature at the same time as another similar study, that of Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, who a fortnight ago previewed her stem cell-derived human embryo model to The Guardian, sparking a controversy with Jacob Hanna, author of a preprint showing that she had achieved true synthetic embryos.